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About Metal Detection
Tracker Feature
As well as capturing and memorising the product ‘window’ during a ‘Learn’ process, the IQ
3
Metal
Detector also includes a Tracker feature which when enabled continuously adjusts the product
‘window automatically, using the average signal values obtained from a defined number of products
that pass through the aperture. This allows the detector to compensate for slight changes in the
phase angle and amplitude of the product signal.
For example, for a frozen product the product effect is very small when the product has just come out
of the freezer. This allows a low working threshold level to be used giving a high sensitivity to metal
contaminants. However, if the line stops for any reason then the product could thaw slightly, or if the
product were not fully frozen, a significant product signal increase may result. In this event the
working threshold will have to be raised to allow the product to be passed, without false rejection.
Raising the working threshold to allow thawed product to pass without false rejection may reduce the
sensitivity to metal contamination. If the product becomes hard frozen the working threshold may be
higher than it now needs to be, so the sensitivity to metal contamination will not be as good as it could
be.
Tracking works by recording the product signal for each pack. From the values read, the working
threshold continuously trends upward or downward between an upper and a lower limit. The rate and
amount by which the working threshold changes together with limits between which it operates are
controlled by user entered parameters for each product.
It should be noted that this type of system may allow metal contamination that would otherwise be
detected if changes in the product force the working threshold to rise sharply.
Tracker initialisation will occur whenever the detector is powered on, the running product is changed
or the tracking limit parameters are changed. Upon completion of the product learn routine the derived
working threshold will be used unless the product signal initiates a change.
Metal Free Zone
Although the electromagnetic field is generated inside of the detector housing, some of the field
emanates out of the aperture on both sides. This ‘leakage’ area is defined as the Metal Free Zone,
meaning an area external to the metal detector aperture which must be free of any fixed or moving
metal as it generates a signal that will be picked up by the metal detector and added to the signal
being produced by the product and any contaminant. This could result in false triggering and rejection
of good products.
Loma Systems generally employ the use of fixed plastic guards fitted around both ends of the
aperture. This serves a dual purpose in effectively preventing access to those areas and the
accidental introduction of any metal contaminants.
Detector Performance
For optimum detector performance, the search head must be of an appropriate size for the specified
product. Smaller apertures generally allow smaller pieces of metal to be detected; the exception being
products packaged in metallised film and highly conductive products such as large blocks of cheese.
In production, detector performance is affected by the following:
■
Size of detector aperture
■
Detector type
■
Head operating frequency
■
Product temperature
■
Conveyor speed
■
Environmental conditions
■
Product presentation
10
- Metal Detector User Guide 1
- Table of Contents 3
- Introduction 11
- About this Guide 12
- Organisation 13
- Document Change Control 14
- Document Key 14
- The Loma Group of Companies 16
- About Metal Detection 17
- How a Metal Detector Works 18
- Product Effect and Phasing 18
- Phasing 19
- Tracker Feature 20
- Metal Free Zone 20
- Detector Performance 20
- Types of Metal 22
- Test Frequency 23
- Product Test Samples 23
- Test Wands 24
- Testing Guidelines 24
- Test Records 24
- Learn Feature 25
- Safety First 27
- Safety Awareness 28
- EC Declaration of Conformity 28
- Safety Warnings 29
- Safety Labels 31
- Safety Guards 32
- Safety Measures 33
- Intended Use of the Machine 33
- Noise Levels 34
- End of Life Treatment 34
- Emergency Procedures 34
- Quality Assurance 35
- End User Licence Agreement 36
- Technical Specifications 37
- European Belt Conveyors 38
- Installation 39
- Warnings 40
- Receiving and Unpacking 40
- Moving the Detector Head 40
- Nuisance triggering 45
- Moving Metal 46
- Vibration 47
- Belting 47
- Electrical Interference 47
- Warnings 52
- Moving the Machine 53
- Clearance Requirements 54
- Connecting the Air Supply 54
- Checking Guards 57
- Site Considerations 58
- Radio Frequency Interference 59
- Metal Detector Search Heads 62
- Conveyor Belts 63
- Plastic Modular Belts 64
- Reject Devices 65
- Electrical Services Box 67
- Air Pressure Switch 67
- Optional Equipment 68
- Getting Started 71
- threshold 72
- display 72
- changes 72
- User Access 75
- Logging In and Out 76
- Starting and Stopping 77
- Stopping the Machine 78
- Emergency Stop 78
- Using the Metal Detector 79
- Handling Rejected Products 81
- Getting the Results 82
- Frequency Selection 82
- Operating Instructions 83
- Setting the Language 84
- Setting the Machine ID 84
- Setting Up the Search Head 86
- Setting Up the Conveyor 88
- Setting the VF Balance 92
- Setting the VF Drive 94
- Setting Up the User Options 95
- Setting Up Serial Links 96
- Reject Relay 101
- Reject Timing 101
- Adding a New Product 102
- Learning Products 104
- Full Learn 105
- Update Learn 106
- Learn Messages 107
- Learn Setup 108
- Learn Limits 110
- PQ span? 111
- Using Performance Validation 112
- Logs and Reports 117
- Errors Report 118
- Example Problems 119
- Faults Report 120
- Setup Report 123
- Contaminants Report 124
- Learn Report 125
- Status Report 126
- PV Test Report 126
- Batch Report 127
- Shift Report 128
- Contaminants Log 128
- Errors Log 129
- Faults Log 130
- Printing the Faults Report 131
- Clearing a Fault 131
- Clearing the Log 131
- Batch Log 132
- PVS Log 133
- Shift Log 134
- Maintenance 135
- Cleaning solutions 136
- Belt conveyor versions 136
- Conveyor Belt Maintenance 137
- Adjusting the Reject Devices 138
- Software Upgrades 138
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